Mrs. Bush's Statement on Burma VIDEO

Mrs Laura Bush addresses reporters in the James S. Brady Press Briefing Room Monday, May 5, 2008 at the White House, on the humanitarian assistance being offered by the United States to the people of Burma in the aftermath of the destruction caused by Cyclone Nargis. White House photo by Shealah Craighead

Mrs. Bush's Statement on Burma FULL STREAMING VIDEO James S. Brady Press Briefing Room 3:05 P.M. EDT MRS. BUSH: Thank you, everybody, for coming out. I just want to make a few comments about Burma. On Saturday, Cyclone Nargis swept through Burma. The storm affected more than 2 million people, and according to the Burmese media, killed thousands. The aftermath has left cities paralyzed, families separated and houses and businesses destroyed. Americans are a compassionate people and we're already acting to provide help. The U.S. has offered financial assistance through our embassy. We'll work with the U.N. and other international non-governmental organizations to provide water, sanitation, food and shelter. More assistance will be forthcoming.

The United States stands prepared to provide an assistance team and much needed supplies to Burma as soon as the Burmese government accepts our offer. The government of Burma should accept this team quickly, as well as other offers of international assistance.

As they cope with this tragedy, the men and women of Burma remain in the thoughts and prayers of many Americans. It's troubling that many of the Burmese people learned of this impending disaster only when foreign outlets -- such as Radio Free Asia and Voice of America -- sounded the alarm. Although they were aware of the threat, Burma's state-run media failed to issue a timely warning to citizens in the storm's path.

The response to the cyclone is just the most recent example of the junta's failure to meet its people's basic needs. The regime has dismantled systems of agriculture, education and health care. This once wealthy nation now has the lowest per capita GDP in Southeast Asia.

Despite the havoc created by this weekend cyclone, as far as we can tell Burma's military leaders plan to move forward with the constitutional referendum scheduled for this Saturday, May 10th. They've orchestrated this vote to give false legitimacy to their continued rule. The proposed constitution was drafted in a flawed process that excluded opposition and some key ethnic groups. It would effectively give the military a veto over any constitutional changes. The constitution would prohibit democracy activists who are current or former political prisoners, including Aung San Suu Kyi, from taking office. To ensure their constitution becomes law, the regime has been intimidating voters and using force against dissidents. Public gatherings have been banned and printed materials may not be distributed without governmental approval.

As the date of the referendum draws near, there's been an increase in arrests of opposition party members and activists. This continues to take place, despite a call from the international community, and most recently from the United Nations Security Council, for Burma's government to ensure its referendum is free, fair and inclusive.

In response to the regime's continued repression, President Bush has instructed the U.S. Treasury Department to freeze assets of Burmese state-owned companies that are held in U.S. banks. This adds to actions last year to expand U.S. sanctions against Burma's regime, and to tighten sanctions against its top leaders. We thank the European Union, Canada and Australia for joining the United States in imposing similar restrictions. And we appeal to China, India, and Burma's fellow ASEAN members to use their influence to encourage a democratic transition.

Burma's ruling generals have had their chance to implement the good government they promised to their people. If it proceeds under current conditions, the constitutional referendum they have planned should not be seen as a step toward freedom, but rather as a confirmation of the unacceptable status quo.

Thank you all very much for giving me a chance to speak. I'm going to leave tomorrow for Crawford, for Jenna's wedding, and I wanted to be able to make a statement about Burma before I left.

So I'm happy to take questions.

Q Mrs. Bush, could you offer us any specifics yet about the scope of the U.S. disaster relief package?

MRS. BUSH: Right now, the earliest part of the relief is money that the embassy already has, that's already there that we can distribute to other NGOs -- the World Food Program, other groups that are on the ground. If they will let our DART team in, then we'll be able to assess what else we can do. And we do have other supplies and commodities in the area -- not in Burma, but close in the area, that would be available soon for help if our DART team can get in and see what they can do.

Q And given your concerns about the ruling government there, are you also worried that any U.S. aid might not get to the people affected?

MRS. BUSH: Well, I'm worried that they won't even accept U.S. aid. And I urge the government to accept aid from the United States and from the entire international community right now, while the needs of their people are so critical.

Q Mrs. Bush, is there any evidence that the sanctions the U.S. and other nations have imposed on the leaders in Myanmar, or Burma, have had an effect?

MRS. BUSH: Only anecdotal. We have heard, and not -- probably can't really confirm -- about some of the leaders who are targeted -- actions that they've taken that make us think they don't like those targeted sanctions on the leaders themselves.

Q Madam, do you have any strong message for the dictatorship, military dictatorship in Burma as far as this democracy and this cyclone is concerned? And do you think they will have a change of heart and minds because of this tragedy?

MRS. BUSH: I hope so. I hope that their will be one good thing that comes out of such huge destruction, and that would be the government's realization that the people of Burma need help and they need more help than they can give them -- or that they've been able to give them.

And the country has just been totally decimated with both education, agriculture -- all of the things that made Burma one of the richest countries in Asia have now been dismantled. And it's very, very important that the regime start to accept both technical help from out of the country and, obviously in this sort of disaster, very -- be able to accept the really basic help that anybody would need, any country would need and any people would need after this kind of disaster.

Q And madam, what message you have for India, what India can do?

MRS. BUSH: Well, I think India can help. India is close, on the border there. I think there are a lot of ways they could help and get help there quickly, and maybe the Burmese government would accept it more readily from the Indian government than they do from the U.S. government.

April.

Q Mrs. Bush, why such an historic interest? This is a first, for a First Lady to come to this podium and talk about a cyclone. Why such a historic interest?

MRS. BUSH: Well, you know I've been interested in Burma for a long time. It started really with an interest in Aung San Suu Kyi and reading her works and just the story of a Nobel Prize winner who's been under house arrest for so long, whose party was overwhelmingly elected in an election and then never able to take office. And so it started with an interest in her, and then just the more I've seen, the more critical I see the need is for the people in Burma to be -- for the world to pay attention to the people of Burma, and for the world to put pressure on the military regime.

Q And a follow-up. What about the issue of sanitation? You talked about that, and dysentery. Could you talk a little bit more about --

MRS. BUSH: Those are the sort of things that international help would be critical for. We don't know, for instance, in the -- people were already talking about the high price of rice. We don't know -- they would have been just in the planting season -- what would happen if this big 12-foot surge of ocean water, salt water comes over the -- what would have been rice-planting ground. We just don't know, but it seems very, very dire. They were all -- already needed the help of the World Food Program, the WFP -- and now they'll need it even more.

And so it's really important for the regime to accept this kind of help to open their doors to all the help, to all of the help the U.N. could give, from U.N. AIDS* to UNICEF -- each one of the international programs that can help, as well as help from every government that is willing to help. And I know there are a lot of governments that are.

Q Why do you think that the government didn't allow the state-run media to post those warnings?

MRS. BUSH: I don't know. I have no idea.

Q Quick follow on that. Do you think that they have blood on their hands for that lack of warning?

MRS. BUSH: Well, I just think it's very, very important -- that we know already that they are very inept; that they have not been able to govern in a way that lets their company -- country, for one thing, build an economy. This is a country that's rich in natural resources. Their natural resources are being depleted as they sell them off, as far as we can tell from the outside, for the financial benefit of the regime itself and not for the good of the people. We know that.

We know these huge forests -- teak and mahogany forests may be being depleted -- that they have. Their gem shows -- last year many American gem countries [sic] and European gem countries [sic] refused to go to the big gem auctions because they didn't want to prop up the government. But we do know that a lot of -- that China, for instance, a lot of Chinese gem buyers did go.

Q Mrs. Bush, the European Union has pledged $3 million. That initial aid offer from the United States is only $250,000.

MRS. BUSH: That's right.

Q If they accept some assistance, how large would the U.S. --

MRS. BUSH: Well, I don't know that. I mean, we'll have to see what it would be, and I can't speak to how large that would be. But I can -- I feel sure that it would be substantial if we can give it. The money that -- the first fund, the first $250,000 from the U.S. government is money that the embassy already has in a fund for something like this, and they can give it immediately to the World Food Program or other NGOs that are meeting the very immediate needs.

If we can get some sort of team in there to assess what the other needs are, then I feel very assured that the United States government will follow with bigger --

Q What have they said?

MRS. BUSH: I don't know that. They haven't said anything, as far as I know.

Q Mrs. Bush, what can you tell us about the President signing legislation in the near future to award Aung San Suu Kyi the Congressional Gold Medal?

MRS. BUSH: The President will sign the legislation tomorrow, the congressional legislation that awards Aung San Suu Kyi the Congressional Medal of Honor.** And I was hoping to be here with him when he did that. I don't think I'll be here because I think I'll be going on tomorrow.

But he will, and I think that's important. I think it's just another way, like the Senate and the House caucuses on Burma, that let the people of Burma know that the United States is standing with them. And we do know that they listen to Radio Free Asia and they listen to Voice of America, and so it's very important to get our message out on those radio stations so that people in Burma know that we are aware of what's happened, and we are very aware of the needs of the people after the cyclone.

Q Do you think that might, though, affect the military junta's willingness to receive aid from the international community, particularly the U.S.?

MRS. BUSH: I hope not. I hope that the military will realize they have to accept aid from everybody they can possibly accept it from. And maybe that will be the something good that can come out of this terrible destruction.

Q Will they let her come to the U.S. to accept the medal?

MRS. BUSH: They might let her come accept; they might not let her ever go back. I don't think she would ever do that, because she couldn't be assured that she could go home. That's why she didn't go see her husband when he was dying in England.

Anything else?

Q Yes. The U.S. only provides a few million dollars in annual humanitarian aid to Myanmar now. Some relief officials have raised concerns that the existing U.S. sanctions plus the sheer lack of trust between the two countries will impede the flow of any significant U.S. aid following the cyclone. And the question is, how is the U.S. government going to balance those two objectives -- the ones of maintaining financial pressure on the junta, and at the same time making sure the cyclone victims aren't victimized once again?

MRS. BUSH: Well, that's the very -- that's always the question when sanctions are part of any sort of pressure that we can put on a government. And in fact that seems to be the only kind of pressure the United States can put on Burma. Certainly we hope that India, for instance, and other countries in the neighborhood can step up if they won't accept aid from the United States.

But I think in front of their own people and in front of the world, if they don't accept aid from the United States and from all the rest of the international community that wants to help the people of Burma, that that is just another way that the military regime looks so cut off and so unaware of what the real needs of their people are.

Okay, one last one.

Q Ma'am, is there any way for the Burmese leaders to salvage the referendum process? Should they scrap it, start from scratch?

MRS. BUSH: Well, I'm not going to give them any advice, but it would be very, very odd I think if they went ahead and held a referendum this Saturday.

Q Madam, all the best for the wedding, Jenna's wedding.

MRS. BUSH: Thank you very much. Thank you.

Q Any chance you'll let us cover it? (Laughter.)

Q No invitation for the White House press?

Q Is it true there is an altar of limestone --

MRS. BUSH: That's right, the President told that this morning on "Good Morning America." This was his idea, to build this beautiful limestone altar, and it's the Texas limestone -- the same that our house is made out of -- from a local quarry, and they're the ones that made it.

Q Is it permanent? (Laughter.)

MRS. BUSH: It's permanent.

Q Is he more nervous or are you?

MRS. BUSH: Neither one of us are nervous. I'm very, very excited. It's a very interesting passage of life when you get to that time in your life when your child, first child is getting married -- and we're getting, for us, our first son. So it's a thrill and we're very happy about it.

Q When some grandchildren come will they be named George --

MRS. BUSH: George or Georgia -- Georgina. Georgette. (Laughter.)

Q President is more excited, or you are more excited?

MRS. BUSH: We're both really, really excited. We're very thrilled, and of course Jenna is so happy and Henry is very happy. And that makes their mother and dad really happy.

Q Why the wedding didn't take place here at the White House?

MRS. BUSH: Well, she just wanted to get married at home. She just feels a lot more comfortable there. And it will be really beautiful. This is the time when the wild flowers are all blooming. And I think it will be a very, very lovely wedding, and it will be very like Jenna and Henry. And of course, that's what we want. We want what she wants.

Q How early Sunday morning is the bike ride the President will -- (laughter.)

MRS. BUSH: Since he probably won't be staying up to dance the last dance, it will probably be early.

Bye, you all. Thank you very much. And thank you so much for covering Burma, and I hope you'll keep watching. Thanks a lot.

END 3:21 P.M. EDT

* Joint U.N. Program on HIV/AIDS

** Congressional Gold Medal

For Immediate Release Office of the First Lady May 5, 2008

Tags: Laura Bush and Burma or cyclone

How people of color, women use Internet, digital media

Caption: In her latest work, Lisa Nakamura focuses on the online visual cultures that people of color and women -- relative newcomers to the Net -- have created. Credit: Photo by L. Brian Stauffer, U. of I. News Bureau. Usage Restrictions: Photo may be used only with stories about the research described in the news release. Please credit: Photo by L. Brian Stauffer, U. of I. News Bureau.

Book focuses on how people of color, women use Internet, digital media Scholars who study visual culture on the Internet always see more than meets the eye, but one professor has widened her scope even more, trying to adjust the ways the rest of us look at race and gender on the Web – and off. In her latest work, Lisa Nakamura focuses on the online visual cultures that people of color and women – relative newcomers to the Net – have created. She argues in her new book, “Digitizing Race: Visual Cultures of the Internet,” that instead of being passive audiences or merely consumers of digital media – as they generally have been portrayed – the newcomers are heavily involved in “grass-roots media production.” In fact, Nakamura, a professor of media and cultural studies at the University of Illinois, argues that non-whites and non-males now use the Internet to “vigorously articulate their own types of virtual community, avatar bodies and racial politics.” “The premise of my book,” she wrote, “is that women and racial and ethnic minorities create visual cultures on the popular Internet that speak to and against existing graphical environments and interfaces online.”

By examining a range of new digital production practices created by minority popular visual cultures on the Web, Nakamura has tried to “give a sense of how this group of users sees, rather than merely how they are seen or represented, what they are making as well as what they are using, what they are doing as well as what they are being.”

Surveys of race and the “digital divide” that fail to measure digital production in favor of access or consumption “cannot tell the whole story, or even part of it,” she wrote.

Nakamura examined racial and gender identity as expressed in contemporary, popular and “under examined” digital media such as pregnancy support Web sites, Instant Messenger avatars, online petitions, music videos and millennial science-fiction films.

In her book, she offers a method for analyzing the Internet’s visual culture in relation not only to older media forms, “but also to a matrix of live cultural practices, identities, geopolitics, and postcolonial, racial and political positions.”

With its emphasis on user-produced digital media by women and people of color, Nakamura’s study is the first to explore a new type of visual culture critique based on close and rigorous readings of the images created by Internet users. For example, she explores:

* Veiled Muslim AIM buddies that are deployed in Instant Messenger and “created by users who participate in a vital youth culture that coalesces around online chat.”

“These avatars kitted out in chadors and DKNY sweaters fill a gap in the available forms of bodily representation that AIM users can find circulating in the world of avatar sharing,” Nakamura wrote. “The tension between the representation of the veil, a sign of privacy and a controversial symbol of female subordination under Islam, and its positioning on a hyperfeminized and overtly displayed cartoon body creates a visual body that works to negotiate the notion of the nation-state in the world of IM embodiment.”

* Pregnant avatars that are used to “adorn” and supplement posts to women’s bulletin boards. These are “collaboratively produced artifacts” of the popular culture of the Internet that address pregnant women’s “socially invisible bodies” in the context of scientific and medical representation.

* Recent online Asian-American petitions to protest retail and media racism, such as those that surrounded Details magazine’s “Gay or Asian” article and Abercrombie and Fitch’s “Two Wongs Don’t Make It White” T-shirt promotion.

Asian-American activists, she wrote, launched online petitions that served to polarize the Asian-American community at least as much as they did to unite it.

“The sites themselves functioned as highly ambivalent responses to issues around the visual culture of race in the United States. The anonymity afforded the petition signers, the persistence of their replies on the site, and the opportunity for users to view them all simultaneously create a space for online discursive play that challenges the notion of race- and ethnicity-based community in the act of creating it.”

The cases Nakamura examined exemplify the efforts of “previously new and previously unexpressive” groups of users who are using the Internet to “actively visualize themselves, their differing races, their complicated genders, their generative and bereft bodies.”

“Yet at the same time, they are performing this cultural work while living in a post-neoliberal age in which race ‘doesn’t matter’; and it has become profoundly unfashionable to be one thing or another, and actively dangerous to signify race or ethnicity in the public sphere.”

According to Nakamura, people of color and women are not as well represented in biennials, zines, independent film and other “expressive forums, much less in mainstream film and media. And all told, their cultural production on the Internet is far from dominant.”

However, she said, a key difference between the Internet and other media forms is that on the Web, the production of a visual culture “expressive of racial and ethnic identity” is potentially available to a much broader group of people.

“We should celebrate the creative interventions of teenage Muslim girls, pregnant women and other users who have appropriated the Internet to create visual images that represent themselves in their bodily particularities such as chadors, pregnant bellies and ultrasound photographs,” said Nakamura, a professor in the Institute of Communications Research.

People of color and women care greatly about how they’re visualized on the Internet.

“They care enough to sign protests about media racism, and when they don’t like what they see, they care enough to sign online petitions and perhaps even to sit down and create new templates, new images of themselves, new databodies that talk back to the dominant.”

While the new activity on the Net is encouraging, it comes with a caveat, Nakamura wrote, because as it evolves, the more it comes to resemble the visual culture of other media and the more it becomes subject to the same issues that “plague the study of minority discourse in all visual cultures.”

“Brave young Arab American women hacking their AIM buddies in their bedrooms are a sentimentally attractive image that fits into a classic narrative of rebellion and resistance against dominant new media cultures,” she wrote.

But the “pesky problem of protest within a system that one is nonetheless employing to frame the protest continues to haunt the study of minority new media cultures.”

“While avatars wearing chadors and DKNY sweaters certainly look different from more mainstream images of American femininity, and in fact contain a wealth of fascinating information that scholars and fans of hybrid cultures will greatly enjoy, they contain exactly the same number of pixels, are formatted in the same file type, and occupy the same amount of space in an IM screen as do all the others.

“Any deviation from this strict industrial norm simply does not work within the program owing to the file protocols of Instant Messenger, protocols that are immutably exacting and resistant to modification owing to technological lock-in and are the direct result of a mature Internet economy and broad user base.”

Put another way, the changes that are possible using the “culture-jamming or hacking” model of new media resistance and critique are “necessarily constrained and limited by the form or ‘system’ that enables them. The continuing monetization of the Internet’s forms and technological apparatuses practically guarantees that this issue will remain a thorny one.” ###

Contact: Andrea Lynn andreal@uiuc.edu 217-333-2177 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Tags: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and people of color or digital media